| Immunogen | KLH-conjugated,syntheticpeptide(CKATQA[pS]QEY)correspondingtoaminoacids134-142ofhumanhistoneH2A.X.Theimmunizingsequencehas8identicalaminoacidsinyeastandmouse. | 
| Epitope | Ser139 | 
| Clone | JBW301 | 
| Concentration | PleaserefertotheCertificateofAnalysisforthelot-specificconcentration. | 
| Host | Mouse | 
| Specificity | RecognizesHistoneH2A.XphosphorylatedatSer139,Mr15kDa. | 
| Isotype | IgG1 | 
| SpeciesReactivity |  | 
| SpeciesReactivityNote | Human.Abroadspeciescross-reactivityisexpectedbasedonconservationofsequencehomology. | 
| AntibodyType | MonoclonalAntibody | 
| EntrezGeneNumber |  | 
| EntrezGeneSummary | Histonesarebasicnuclearproteinsthatareresponsibleforthenucleosomestructureofthechromosomalfiberineukaryotes.Twomoleculesofeachofthefourcorehistones(H2A,H2B,H3,andH4)formanoctamer,aroundwhichapproximately146bpofDNAiswrappedinrepeatingunits,callednucleosomes.Thelinkerhistone,H1,interactswithlinkerDNAbetweennucleosomesandfunctionsinthecompactionofchromatinintohigherorderstructures.ThisgeneencodesamemberofthehistoneH2Afamily,andgeneratestwotranscriptsthroughtheuseoftheconservedstem-loopterminationmotif,andthepolyAadditionmotif. | 
| GeneSymbol |  | 
| Modifications |  | 
| PurificationMethod | ProteinGPurified | 
| UniProtNumber |  | 
| UniProtSummary | FUNCTION:SwissProt:P16104#VarianthistoneH2AwhichreplacesconventionalH2Ainasubsetofnucleosomes.NucleosomeswrapandcompactDNAintochromatin,limitingDNAaccessibilitytothecellularmachinerieswhichrequireDNAasatemplate.Histonestherebyplayacentralroleintranscriptionregulation,DNArepair,DNAreplicationandchromosomalstability.DNAaccessibilityisregulatedviaacomplexsetofpost-translationalmodificationsofhistones,alsocalledhistonecode,andnucleosomeremodeling.Requiredforcheckpoint-mediatedarrestofcellcycleprogressioninresponsetolowdosesofionizingrADIationandforefficientrepairofDNAdoublestrandbreaks(DSBs)specificallywhenmodifiedbyC-terminalphosphorylation. SIZE:143aminoacids;15145Da
 SUBUNIT:ThenucleosomeisahistoneoctamercontainingtwomoleculeseachofH2A,H2B,H3andH4assembledinoneH3-H4heterotetramerandtwoH2A-H2Bheterodimers.Theoctamerwrapsapproximately147bpofDNA.InteractswithnumerousproteinsrequiredforDNAdamagesignalingandrepairwhenphosphorylatedonSer-140.TheseincludeMDC1,TP53BP1,BRCA1andtheMRNcomplex,composedofMRE11A,RAD50,andNBN.InteractionwiththeMRNcomplexismediatedatleastinpartbyNBN.AlsointeractswithDHX9/NDHIIwhenphosphorylatedonSer-140.
 SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Nucleus.
 DEVELOPMENTALSTAGE:SynthesizedinG1aswellasinS-phase.
 DOMAIN:SwissProt:P16104The[ST]-QmotifconstitutesarecognitionsequenceforkinasesfromthePI3/PI4-kinasefamily.
 PTM:PhosphorylatedonSer-140(toformgamma-H2AFX)inresponsetoDNAdoublestrandbreaks(DSBs)generatedbyexogenousgenotoxicagentsandbystalledreplicationforks,andmayalsooccurduringmeioticrecombinationeventsandimmunoglobulinclassswitchinginlymphocytes.PhosphorylationcanextenduptoseveralthousandnucleosomesfromtheactualsiteoftheDSBandmaymarkthesurroundingchromatinforrecruitmentofproteinsrequiredforDNAdamagesignalingandrepair.Widespreadphosphorylationmayalsoservetoamplifythedamagesignaloraidrepairofpersistentlesions.PhosphorylationofSer-140inresponsetoionizingradiationismediatedbybothATMandPRKDCwhiledefectsinDNAreplicationinduceSer-140phosphorylationsubsequenttoactivationofATRandPRKDC.DephosphorylationofSer-140byPP2AisrequiredforDNADSBrepair.Inmeiosis,Ser-140phosphorylationmayoccuratsynaptonemalcomplexesduringleptoteneasanATM-dependentresponsetotheformationofprogrammedDSBsbySPO11.Ser-140phosphorylationmaysubsequentlyoccursatunsynapsedregionsofbothautosomesandtheXYbivalentduringzygotene,downstreamofATRandBRCA1activation.Ser-140phosphorylationmayalsoberequiredfortranscriptionalrepressionofunsynapsedchromatinandmeioticsexchromosomeinactivation(MSCI),wherebytheXandYchromosomescondenseinpachytenetoformtheheterochromaticXY-body.Duringimmunoglobulinclassswitchrecombinationinlymphocytes,Ser-140phosphorylationmayoccuratsitesofDNA-recombinationsubsequenttoactivationoftheactivation-inducedcytidinedeaminaseAICDA.&MonoubiquitinationofLys-120byRING1andRNF2/RING2complexgivesaspecifictagforepigenetictranscriptionalrepression(Bysimilarity).
 SIMILARITY:BelongstothehistoneH2Afamily.
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| MolecularWeight | 15kDa |